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UNIVERSITY  ARCHIVES 


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University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


Memorial  Exercises  in  Honor  of 
Martin  Kellogg,  LL.D.,  former  Presi= 
dent  of  the  University  of  California. 


UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA 


Memorial  Exercises  in  Honor  of 
Martin  Kellogg,  LL.D.,  former  Presi* 
dent  of  the  University. 


September    19,    1903 


BERKELEY 
Ubc  TUniversitt  pvees 


MEMORIAL  EXERCISES  IN  HONOR  OF 
MARTIN   KELLOGG. 


On  Saturday,  September  19,  1903,  memorial  exercises 
were  held  in  Hearst  Hall  in  honor  of  the  late  Martin 
Kellogg.  The  following  programme  was  carried  out: 

Integer  Vitae 

QUARTETTE. 

Integer  vitae  scelerisque  purus 
Non  eget  Mauris  iaculis  neque  arcu 
Nee  venenatis  gravida  sagittis, 

Fusee,  pharetra, 
Sive  per  Syrtes  iter  aestuosas 
Sive  facturus  per  inhospitalem 
Caucasum  vel  quae  loca  fabulosus 

Lambit  Hydaspes. 

Q.  Horatius  Flaccus. 

Address 

WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS  MERRILL,  PH.D.,  L.H.D. 

Address 

WILLARD  BRADLEY  RISING,  PH.D.,  M.E. 

Address 

COLUMBUS  BARTLETT,  ESQ. 

Commemorative  Address 

GEORGE  HOLMES  HOWISON,  LL.D. 

Brief  Life  is  here  our  Portion 

QUARTETTE. 

Brief  life  is  here  our  portion, 

Brief  sorrow,  short-liv'd  care; 

The  life  that  knows  no  ending, 
The  tearless  life  is  there ! 


4  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

O  happy  retribution! 

Short  toil,  eternal  rest, 
For  mortals  and  for  sinners, 

A  mansion  with  the  blest ! 

The  morning  shall  awaken, 

The  shadows  flee  away, 
And  each  true-hearted  servant 

Shall  shine  as  doth  the  day : 
For  God  our  King  and  Portion, 

In  fulness  of  his  grace, 
We  then  shall  see  for  ever, 

And  worship  face  to  face. 

O  sweet  and  blessed  country, 

The  home  of  God's  elect! 
O  sweet  and  blessed  country 

That  eager  hearts  expect ! 
Jesu,  in  mercy  bring  us 

To  that  dear  land  of  rest ; 
Who  art,  with  God  the  Father, 

And  Spirit,  ever  blest. 

Bernardus  Cluniacensis,  tr.  Neale. 

Addresses  were  delivered  as  follows: 

ADDRESS  BY  PROFESSOR  MERRILL. 

It  has  been  my  great  good  fortune  to  be  associated  inti- 
mately with  the  late  Professor  Kellogg  for  nine  years. 
Before  coming  to  California  I  had  known  him  through  the 
reputation  produced  by  his  edition  of  the  Brutus  of  Cicero, 
and  my  first  correspondence  with  him  was  on  some  points 
of  criticism  suggested  by  his  commentary.  Earlier  he  had 
published  portions  of  Cicero  and  Quintilian,  and  throughout 
his  life  these  with  Horace  were  his  favorite  authors.  At  the 
opening  of  his  teaching  career  he  gave  instruction  in  mathe- 
matics, and  in  the  early  years  of  this  university  he  occupied 
the  undivided  chair  of  Greek  and  Latin.  As  the  University 
grew  in  numbers  and  a  separation  of  the  work  was  advisable, 
Dr.  Kellogg  chose  Latin  rather  than  Greek,  and  occupied 
the  Latin  chair  unil  his  elevation  to  the  Presidency.  A 
suggestion  that  he  continue  as  Professor  of  Latin  in  con- 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  5 

nection  with  his  higher  office  was  modestly  declined,  but 
during  his  entire  administration  the  welfare  of  his  old 
department  was  very  near  to  his  heart. 

On  his  resignation  of  the  presidency  he  returned  to  the 
department  as  Professor  Emeritus,  and  although  he  had 
already  earned  the  rest  implied  in  the  title,  he  insisted  from 
the  beginning  on  doing  a  man's  full  tale  of  work.  He  died 
in  harness:  felix  opportunitate  mortis. 

Dr.  Kellogg  was  a  Roman.  By  nature  sympathetic  with 
Roman  ideals,  his  character  was  profoundly  affected  by  his 
intellectual  contact  with  the  works  of  that  great  people. 
Like  most  professors  of  Latin  of  the  last  century  he  early 
developed  administrative  powers,  and  for  many  years  was 
active  in  the  administrative  work  of  the  university.  Roman 
order,  discipline,  thoroughness,  and  above  all,  reverence  for 
law  were  prominent  traits  of  his  character.  He  learned  to 
command,  did  command  our  academic  ship;  but  on  his 
return  to  the  ranks  no  member  of  the  faculty  was  more 
loyal  to  his  President,  to  his  departmental  chief,  and  to  the 
Faculty.  The  slightest  expression  of  wish  in  departmental 
matters  always  met  with  the  first  response  from  him;  were 
any  reports  or  any  information  called  for  from  members  of 
the  staff,  his  was  the  first  response.  None  had  so  delicate 
a  feeling  as  he  for  the  prerogatives  of  academic  rank. 

He  appreciated  as  few  do  the  admirable  constitution  of 
the  University,  the  safeguards  and  checks  on  every  hand 
which  have  as  their  object  our  academic  liberties  and  those 
of  our  students.  He  was  conversant  with  the  long  lists  of 
precedents  governing  the  action  of  the  Regents  and  Faculties, 
and  from  his  retentive  memory  at  every  need  his  colleagues 
could  learn  the  legal  bearings  of  any  contemplated  action. 

In  his  interpretation  of  Latin  authors  Professor  Kellogg 
was  a  humanist.  He  valued  Latin  literature  less  as  a  basis 
for  grammatical  exercise  than  for  its  bearing  on  actual  life. 
Hence,  when  with  ripe  experience  of  years,  after  the  turmoil 
of  the  presidency  he  returned  to  the  interpretation  of  Horace, 
in  his  St.  Martin's  summer,  he  brought  to  that  office  a  wealth 


6  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

of  allusion,  an  urbane  wit,  a  knowledge  of  men  and  things 
utterly  beyond  the  ability  of  a  younger  man. 

As  an  active  minister  of  the  Gospel  in  early  life,  the 
soberness  and  religious  character  of  the  uncorrupted  Roman 
of  the  time  of  the  Republic  attracted  him.  The  Stoic  ethics, 
as  interpreted  by  Cicero,  was  particularly  congenial  to  his 
nature,  and  for  this  year  he  had  given  laborious  preparation 
to  the  interpretation  of  Cicero's  Offices.  Roman  frugality, 
unobtrusive  piety,  faithful  obedience,  fidelity  to  duty  at  any 
cost — these  were  his  virtues  also.  His  way  in  life  was  to 
act,  not  to  talk;  to  be,  not  to  seem;  to  do,  not  to  promise; 
for  the  Romans,  says  Ruskin,  did  more  and  said  less  than 
any  other  nation  that  ever  lived. 

Another  Roman  virtue  was  patience.  They  suffer,  they 
are  silent,  said  Cicero.  Man  is  born  to  trouble  as  the  sparks 
fly  upward,  and  the  evil  which  falls  to  every  human  lot, 
whether  it  comes  in  the  vigor  of  youth,  the  strength  of 
middle  life,  or  in  the  infirmity  of  age,  in  a  man's  varied 
relations,  he  bore  without  repining.  In  quietness  and 
confidence  was  his  strength.  The  end  crowns  the  work ;  he 
waited  patiently  for  that  end  serenely  confident  of  the 
final  judgment. 

And  fortitude  and  temperance  were  his  also.  Brave  in 
maintaining  essentials  although  yielding  in  less  important 
details,  even  and  placid  in  disposition,  he  kept  himself  under 
with  thorough  self-control.  Whatever  was  going  on  behind 
that  sphynx-like  countenance  even  his  closest  friends  could 
only  surmise.  Self -reverence,  self-knowledge,  self-control — 
these  led  his  life  to  sovereign  power.  He  was  willing  to 
listen  to  every  argument,  but  the  decision  was  his  own,  and 
frequently  registered  without  apology  or  explanation. 

He  was  systematic  in  his  conduct  of  life;  and  his  time 
was  well  ordered.  And  here  again  Roman  system  and  order 
were  traits  of  his  character.  Never  hurried,  as  provision 
had  been  made  for  each  task  in  its  proper  sequence,  he 
administered  his  life  so  well  that  even  the  Censor  Cato  would 
have  approved.  And  when  the  end  came  all  was  in  order; 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  1 

nothing  was  left  undone.  lustus  et  tenax  propositi  sui, 
which  was  to  live  a  life  of  usefulness  and  of  stainless  integ- 
rity; he  has  joined  the  great  majority.  His  influence  and 
his  example  will  abide  with  us  long.  Vir  strenuus,  honestus, 
pius,  fidelis.  May  our  end  be  as  his! 


ADDRESS  BY  PROFESSOR  RISING. 

The  lot  of  taking  part  in  these  exercises  has  fallen  to 
me  because  of  my  longer  acquaintance  and  longer  associa- 
tion with  our  deceased  colleague.  My  part  will  be  to 
present  to  you  the  statistics  of  his  life. 

President  Martin  Kellogg,  youngest  son  of  deacon 
Allyn  Kellogg,  was  born  in  Vernon,  Connecticut,  March 
13,  1828.  He  was  a  descendant  in  the  seventh  generation  of 
Martin  Kellogg,  of  Braintree,  Essex,  England,  who  was 
born  November  23,  1595.  Martin  Kellogg  was  a  family 
name  and  appears  many  times  in  the  family  genealogy. 
President  Kellogg  had  one  brother  older  than  himself,  who 
was  graduated  from  Williams  College  and  afterwards  entered 
the  ministry,  but  was  obliged  to  give  up  that  calling  on 
account  of  a  growing  infirmity.  An  uncle  was  for  many 
years  a  professor  in  Williams  College.  Of  President 
Kellogg' s  early  life  but  few  particulars  or  incidents  have 
come  under  my  notice. 

In  a  charming  article  contributed  to  the  Over  land  Monthly 
under  the  title  "My  Grandfather's  Farm"  he  has  himself 
given  us  a  glimpse  of  his  boyhood  days:  "In  a  quiet 
country  town  of  New  England  is  a  farm  that  used  to  be 
my  earthly  paradise.  My  own  father's  place  was  pleasant 
in  its  way,  but  it  called  for  a  little  too  much  work  from 
the  time  when  a  boy  could  ride  a  horse  to  plow  out  corn  or 
follow  the  hay- cart  with  a  rake.  My  grandfather's  farm, 
on  the  contrary,  was  a  place  for  infinite  leisure  and  sport. 
The  standing  invitation  he  gave  was  to  'come  down  and  do 
up  the  mischief.'"  He  closes  with  the  following:  "Enough 


8  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

as  to  the  farm  and  farm-house.  They  were  but  the  setting 
for  their  precious  jewels — the  human  hearts  and  lives  that 
found  there  a  home.  The  head  of  the  house  was  born  on* 
the  spot,  and  was  a  genuine  son  of  the  soil.  Modest,  yet 
self-reliant,  kind  to  all,  but  a  sturdy  supporter  of  justice, 
well  balanced,  full  of  uncommon  common  sense,  of  the 
strictest  integrity,  respected  and  beloved  by  his  neighbors, 
often  an  arbiter  in  personal  differences,  called  not  un- 
frequently  to  places  of  public  trust,  this  plain  New  England 
gentleman  was  the  type  of  a  class  that  grows  ever  smaller 
in  New  England.  It  was  from  the  best  blood  of  the 
Puritans  and  had  the  Puritan  steadfastness  and  energy, 
blended  with  the  Old  English  heartiness  and  the  true  New 
English  devotion  to  the  well  welfare  of  others.  Of  my 
grandmother  it  is  enough  to  say  that  she  was  a  helpmate 
for  such  a  husband — self -forgetting,  generous,  lovable, 
sensible,  beneficent.  Her  descendants  rise  up  and  call  her 
blessed.  In  my  humble  opinion  it  is  hard  to  find  a  finer 
type  of  character  than  that  of  this  farmer  and  farmer's 
wife.  *  *  *  ."  He  closes  this  sketch  in  the  following 
words:  "I  lately  passed  the  old  spot,  on  the  new  railway 
skirting  the  hills.  The  house  does  not  look  as  large  as  it 
used  to;  the  trees  are  thinned  and  a  little  dwarfed.  The 
whole  valley  is  somewhat  neglected  and  degenerate.  So 
passes  away  the  glory  of  many  an  old  New  England 
community." 

President  Kellogg  received  his  preparation  for  college  at 
Williston  Seminary,  Easthampton.  He  entered  Yale  College 
and  was  graduated  in  1850.  As  the  most  distinguished 
scholar  of  his  class  he  pronounced  the  valedictory  oration 
on  his  commencement  day.  In  his  class  he  was  the  warm 
and  intimate  friend  of  Professor  H.  A.  Newton,  the  dis- 
tinguished astronomer  of  Yale  college. 

After  his  graduation  he  entered  Union  Theological 
Seminary,  1851-52.  He  then  spent  a  year,  1852-53,  in 
Andover,  returned  to  Union,  1853-54,  and  graduated. 
He  was  resident  licentiate  in  Yale  1854-55. 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  9 

At  this  time  he  turned  his  eyes  westward,  attracted  by 
the  needs  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  He  became  a  home 
missionary,  came  to  California  in  1855  and  was  settled  in 
Grass  Valley  and  Shasta.  From  1855  till  1861  we  find  him 
doing  home  missionary  work  among  the  miners  and  gold- 
hunters  of  that  day. 

In  the  meantime  Dr.  Durant,  who  came  to  California 
a  self-appointed  missionary  of  education,  had  brought 
together  the  most  hopeful  and  helpful  men  of  the  coast, 
and  the  college  school  was  the  rallying  point  of  the  higher 
education.  When  the  time  came  to  open  the  college  in 
August,  1859,  the  trustees  met  and  elected  two  professors, 
Dr.  Durant  and  Dr.  Kellogg.  No  fitter  appointments  were 
ever  made  by  any  board  of  trustees;  Durant,  the  untiring, 
self-sacrificing  missionary  of  education,  and  Kellogg  the 
quiet  and  accomplished  scholar.  In  1860  the  college  opened 
with  eight  students. 

The  friends  of  the  college  of  California  soon  realized, 
perhaps  a  little  reluctantly,  that  they  could  best  serve  the 
cause  of  education  by  joining  their  forces  and  means  to  the 
state  university  to  be  created  under  the  Morrill  Bill.  Presi- 
dent Kellogg  was  from  the  first  an  active  supporter  of  this 
policy.  He  was  professor  of  Latin  in  the  College  from 
1861  to  the  time  when  the  college  gave  up  its  existence  to 
the  University  in  1869. 

On  September  3,  1863,  President  Kellogg  was  married 
in  Ellington,  Connecticut,  to  Miss  Louisa  Wells  Brockway. 
Two  children  were  born  of  this  marriage,  both  of  whom 
died  in  infancy.  It  would  be  impossible  to  convey  the 
sorrow  and  sadness  which  the  death  of  these  children 
brought  to  parental  hearts.  Their  birth  had  awakened 
the  fondest  hopes  and  ambitions,  which  their  death 
destroyed.  The  whole  current  of  their  after  lives  was 
entirely  changed. 

In  September,  1869,  the  University  of  California  opened, 
with  President  Kellogg  in  the  chair  of  Latin  and  Greek. 
In  1874  President  Gilman  accepted  the  Presidency,  and  in 


10  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

the  work  he  was  called  to  do  he  found  Professor  Kellogg 
one  of  his  wisest  and  most  loyal  supporters.  He  was  the 
dean  of  the  College  of  Letters  from  the  beginning  up  to 
1885.  In  1876  he  was  relieved  of  the  Greek  language,  and 
his  title  became  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Hon.  Horace  Davis 
in  1890  he  was  made  acting  president,  1890-93.  In  1893 
he  was  made  President,  inaugurated  on  Charter  Day  of 
that  year,  March  23,  1893,  and  on  that  day  he  received 
from  his  Alma  Mater  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws.  He  resigned  the  Presidency  of  the  University  in 
1899,  and  in  September  started  with  Mrs.  Kellogg  on  a  trip 
around  the  world.  He  returned  the  following  year,  and 
took  up  again  the  work  of  active  instruction,  which  he 
continued  almost  to  the  day  of  his  death. 

From  1874  to  1876  he  served  the  town  of  Berkeley  as 
President  of  the  Board  of  Education.  In  recognition  of 
his  services  the  first  school  organized  in  the  town  was 
named  the  "Kellogg  School." 

During  his  nearly  half-century's  residence  on  this  coast, 
he  served  the  Congregational  Church  in  almost  every 
position,  minister,  deacon,  trustee,  liberal  supporter. 

His  earthly  career  closed  August  26,  1903. 

Cherished  be  his  memory. 


ADDRESS  BY  COLUMBUS  BAKTLETT. 

We  have  met  to-day  to  honor  the  memory  of  Dr.  Martin 
Kellogg.  His  life  was  a  part  of  that  of  our  University,  so 
long  had  he  been  associated  with  it  as  professor  and  pres- 
ident; so  closely  identified  with  it  in  his  hopes,  and  his 
endeavors;  and  so  deep  the  impress  that  he  made  upon  its 
work  and  its  ideals.  As  one  who  knew  him  well — as  his 
co-worker  in  the  Board  of  Regents,  I  am  here  to  pay  a 
loving  tribute  to  his  memory. 

For  a  number  of  years  prior  to  his  elevation  to  the 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  11 

presidency,  the  University  had  been,  struggling  against 
adverse  circumstances  and  it  was  yet  a  question  whether 
it  would  finally  take  its  place  among  the  great  institutions 
of  learning. 

Before  the  passage  of  the  act  of  1887,  by  which  a  tax 
of  one  cent  on  each  one  hundred  dollars  worth  of  property 
assessed  in  the  State  was  paid  for  the  support  of  the  Uni- 
versity, its  income  was  uncertain,  and  dependent  upon  the 
caprice  of  every  session  of  the  Legislature.  It  was  neces- 
sary for  the  President  to  visit  Sacramento  during  each 
session  and  to  lobby  for  a  sufficient  appropriation  to  con- 
duct the  institution  for  the  next  two  years.  Under  these 
conditions,  progress  was  necessarily  slow  and  intermittent. 
Added  to  that,  the  University's  constant  change  of  pres- 
idents prevented  the  adoption  of  a  strong  educational 
policy  which  could  be  consistently  carried  on.  The  pres- 
idency of  the  institution  seemed  to  have  knocked  about 
from  pillar  to  post,  there  having  been  no  less  than  three 
presidents,  or  acting  presidents,  between  the  years  1885 
and  1890.  The  faculty,  also,  suffered  in  this  period  of 
unrest. 

The  first  thing  that  led  to  a  better  condition  of  affairs 
was  the  passage  of  the  one  cent  tax,  making  the  revenue  of 
the  University  certain  and  definite.  The  next  thing  was  to 
find  an  administrator  to  place  in  charge  of  the  growing 
institution  who  could  harmonize  conflicting  elements  and 
adopt  a  strong  and  consistent  educational  policy  to  which 
the  institution  could  be  committed  for  a  number  of  years. 
But  the  task  of  securing  such  a  head  for  the  University 
was  not  an  easy  one. 

President  Eliot  of  Harvard  University,  wrote  me  in 
1890,  when,  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  the  Board  of 
Regents  on  the  appointment  of  a  President,  I  wrote  him  for 
advice : 

"I  feel  under  a  good  deal  of  embarrassment  in  replying, 
for  my  observation  is  that  gentlemen  imported  into  Cali- 
fornia to  fill  this  office  stay  but  a  very  short  time. 


12  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

"It  seems  to  me  that  the  Regents  might  best  seek  a 
gentleman  who  has  been  long  enough  in  California  to 
understand  the  government,  resources  and  prospects  of  the 
University,  and  to  be  known  somewhat  to  the  community 
which  he  is  to  serve. 

"Is  there  not  someone  among  the  professors  of  the 
University  who  might  be  promoted  to  the  presidency?  A 
professor  of  true  merit  who  has  already  lived  at  Berkeley 
some  years  and  is  favorably  known  to  the  graduates  of  the 
University  seems  to  be  the  most  natural  candidate  for  the 
vacant  place. 

"In  your  case,  it  seems  to  me  that  you  run  another 
considerable  risk  if  you  take  a  president  who  has  not  lived 
in  California.  The  tenures  of  the  presidents  of  your  Uni- 
versity for  the  past  twenty  years  have  been  very  short  and 
for  the  sake  of  the  University,  it  seems  to  me  very  desirable 
that  you  should  now  get  a  president  who  will  hold  the 
office  for  a  respectable  number  of  years." 

At  about  the  same  time,  President  Daniel  G.  Gilman  of 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  wrote: 

"I  doubt  whether  there  is  anyone  who  can  fill  the  post 
of  President  of  the  University  of  California  so  well  as 
Professor  Martin  Kellogg.  He  knows  the  situation  thor- 
oughly; he  has  learning,  tact,  fidelity  and  the  ability  to 
make  a  good  speech.  He  has  excellent  business  habits,  and 
he  resides  in  Berkeley.  I  feel  confident  that  his  selection 
to  this  important  post  would  never  be  regretted." 

The  opinion  of  President  Gilman  was  shortly  afterwards 
embraced  by  the  Regents,  and  President  Kellogg  was  made 
acting  president,  and,  later,  President  of  the  University  of 
California. 

Among  the  principal  problems  that  confronted  his 
administration  were:  First,  the  harmonizing  of  elements 
in  the  faculties  so  that  all  should  work  together  for  the 
common  good,  and  their  strengthening  by  the  addition  of 
strong  men  and  the  elimination  of  weak  ones.  Second, 
the  extension  and  broadening  of  the  University's  work; 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  13 

and  third,  the  creation  of  friendly  and  useful  educational 
relations  between  the  University  and  the  secondary  schools. 

During  the  first  years  of  his  administration,  the  president 
was  assisted  by  a  committee  of  the  regents  known  as  the 
Committee  on  Internal  Administration,  on  which  I  had  the 
honor  to  serve.  To  this  committee  many  of  the  questions 
that  arose  between  the  faculties  and  the  president,  and  the 
faculties  and  the  students  were  referred,  and  it  was  while 
thus  associated  with  Dr.  Kellogg  that  I  learned  to  appre- 
ciate his  real  worth. 

Though  his  was  an  excessive  modesty,  and  though  always 
careful  not  to  force  or  obtrude  his  views  upon  others,  his 
character  was  strong  and  his  judgments  sound.  His  counsel 
was  always  sought  for  and  always  worth  having.  In  speech 
he  was  direct  and  clear,  and  his  grasp  of  all  subjects  dis- 
cussed, thorough.  His  sincerity  and  his  earnest  desire  to 
do  justice  to  all  were  dominant  qualities.  In  discussion,  his 
attitude  was  judicial  and  his  judgments  marked  by  a 
deep  charity  toward  his  fellow  men.  These  are  the 
qualities  that  won  for  him  the  respect  and  cooperation  of 
the  faculty,  and  that  prepared  the  way  for  the  greater 
educational  growth  that  was  to  come  to  our  Universit3r. 
With  a  united  and  progressive  faculty,  animated  by  high 
ideals,  the  University  made  rapid  strides  toward  its  rightful 
place  among  the  foremost  educational  institutions  of  the 
land. 

The  years  that  followed  his  inauguration  as  president 
brought  ever  increasing  numbers  to  these  halls.  The 
problems  of  housing  them  and  of  providing  the  highest 
character  of  instruction  for  their  needs  were  indeed  difficult. 
How  well  they  were  solved  is  well  known  to  you  all. 
From  a  comparatively  small  institution  composed  of  a  few 
literary  colleges  and  technical  scientific  schools,  a  great  and 
unified  University  has  been  built.  A  college  of  natural 
sciences  and  a  college  of  commerce  were  founded,  and  a 
great  impetus  given  to  graduate  study.  Work  in  biology, 
in  others  of  the  natural  sciences  and  in  art,  received  great 


14  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

encouragement  and  the  complete  and  rounded  development 
of  a  great  institution  began.  The  Affiliated  Colleges  came 
into  closer  relations  with  the  colleges  at  Berkeley,  and  in 
them,  too,  the  vivifying  influences  of  a  broad  and  scholarly 
policy  soon  made  themselves  felt. 

While  these  changes  were  taking  place  within  the  Uni- 
versity, Dr.  Kellogg  realized  that  they  would  redound  to 
the  benefit  of  the  State  in  proportion  as  they  reached  the 
body  of  its  citizens.  As  he  wrote  in  his  annual  statement 
for  the  year  1897-8: 

"The  social  and  civic  welfare  of  a  community  is  the 
thing  of  highest  value.  There  must  be  men  and  women  of 
approved  character  who  will  be  intelligent  and  influential 
examples  of  integrity  and  a  power  for  good, — an  unfailing 
stock  to  draw  upon  for  the  highest  public  service.  Such 
citizens  are  the  product  of  an  education  both  broad  and 
high." 

To  accomplish  this  he  realized  that  the  roots  of  the 
University  must  be  in  the  hearts  of  the  people ;  that  the  sap 
that  is  to  nourish  the  tree  of  wisdom  and  of  life,  that  is  to 
spread  its  broad  and  sheltering  branches  over  the  State  and 
Nation,  must  come  from  the  heart-blood  of  the  sons  and 
daughters  of  California. 

How  was  this  to  be  accomplished?  How  was  the  Uni- 
versity to  be  put  in  touch  with  every  citizen  of  this  State? 
How  was  every  community,  nay,  every  family  to  be 
strengthened  by  University  culture?  This  question  could 
be  solved  only  by  making  it  easy  for  everyone  to  come  to 
the  University,  not  by  lowering  the  University's  standards, 
but  by  multiplying  the  avenues  by  which  it  can  be  reached; 
in  other  words  by  bringing  it  into  closer  relations  with  the 
secondary  schools.  During  Dr.  Kellogg' s  administration, 
this  system,  though  not  inaugurated,  was  established  upon 
a  firm  basis  and  attained  the  highest  success. 

The  love  of  the  State  for  its  University,  not  as  an  idle 
sentiment,  but  as  an  appreciation  of  its  power  for  good,  of 
its  ennobling  influence  upon  the  lives  of  the  men  and  women 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  15 

who  throng  its  halls,  as  the  creation  of  good  citizens,  honors 
the  memory  of  man  far  more  than  graven  stone  or  marble 
mausoleum.  And  as  one  who  has  been  a  chief  worker 
toward  this  end,  the  name  of  Dr.  Martin  Kellogg  will  always 
be  held  in  grateful  and  loving  memory  by  every  Calif ornian . 


ADDRESS  BY  PROFESSOR  HOWISON. 

We  are  once  more  assembled,  after  what  seems  indeed 
but  short  surcease  of  sorrow,  to  give  expression  to  our  sense 
of  a  great  loss,  a  bereavement  of  the  University  and  the 
community  alike.  It  is  only  a  brief  two  years  since  we 
gathered  here  to  honor  the  memory  of  Joseph  LeConte;  and 
now  we  are  summoned,  too  soon  for  our  wishes,  to  note  the 
passing  and  commemorate  the  services  of  Martin  Kellogg, 
the  last  of  the  three  high  spirits  to  whom  the  wise  judgment 
of  our  first  Board  of  Regents  committed  the  serious  task  of 
inaugurating  the  internal  life  of  the  University.  John 
LeConte,  Martin  Kellogg,  Joseph  LeConte, — these,  in  the 
order  of  their  appointment,  were  the  three  men,  genuine 
scholars  and  weighty  characters,  to  whom  was  intrusted  the 
work  of  planning  and  setting  in  operation  the  institution 
which  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  call  the  most  important 
organ  of  the  spiritual  life  of  this  State.  Sincere  and  unre- 
served can  our  gratitude  be  to  the  Regents,  who  by  these 
admirable  appointments  so  truly  fulfilled  the  trust  com- 
mitted to  their  care.  How  worthy  a  triad  our  three  notable 
founders  of  the  Faculties  formed !  And  now  that  the  last 
of  them,  after  the  longest  service,  has  gone  from  us,  we 
can  perhaps  make  something  like  a  just  estimate  of  his 
contribution  to  the  great  cause  which  we  all  have  so  much 
at  heart. 

In  setting  out  upon  this  estimate,  while  we  credit  to  the 
full  the  part  taken  by  the  Regents,  and  even  more  by  the 
first  two  Presidents  of  the  University,  Durant  and  Gilman, 
let  us  not  fail  to  recognize  that  the  real  designers  and  inau- 
gurators  of  the  internal  organism  of  the  institution  were 


16  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

John  LeConte,  Martin  Kellogg,  and  Joseph  LeConte,  acting 
in  sympathetic  concert.  Nor  may  we  neglect  to  go  in  some 
important  regards  farther,  and  realize  that  Martin  Kellogg 
was  the  founder  of  the  University,  and  of  its  interior  life, 
in  a  sense  in  which  neither  of  his  distinguished  colleagues 
was,  or  could  be.  He  was  the  first  and  chief  connecting- 
link  between  the  University  and  its  forerunner  the  College 
of  California.  It  is  simple  matter  of  history,  made  also 
matter  of  record  and  solemn  authentication  in  the  Organic 
Act  establishing  the  University,  and  afterwards  incorporated 
in  the  State  Constitution,  that  had  not  the  College  previ- 
ously come  into  successful  existence  through  the  devoted 
efforts  of  a  group  of  men,  chiefly,  like  Professor  Kellogg 
himself,  educated  at  Yale, — and  had  not  the  self-renoun- 
cing public  spirit  of  the  Trustees  of  the  College,  among  whom 
were  graduates  of  Harvard,  Dartmouth,  and  Hamilton,  as 
well  as  of  Yale,  led  them  to  disincorporate  and  give  the 
State  their  whole  property  for  the  sake  of  a  greater  institu- 
tion,— the  University  would  never  have  come  into  being; 
never,  at  any  rate,  as  the  comprehensive  home  of  wide  cul- 
ture and  humane  research  that  it  actually  is;  if  it  had  come  at 
all,  it  would  only  have  been  as  a  School  of  Applied  Sciences. 
It  is  therefore  but  plain  justice  that  now,  in  law  as  well  as 
in  settled  public  opinion,  the  old  College  is  recognized  as  a 
part,  and  the  inceptive  part,  of  the  University;  so  that  Pro- 
fessor Kellogg,  who  was  identified  with  the  College  from  its 
beginning,  as  one  of  the  two  professors  first  appointed  in  it, 
was  in  fact  the  only  member  of  our  interior  body  who  had 
belonged  to  the  institution  from  its  very  origin — even  from 
its  prenatal  days.  For  three-and-forty  years  he  had  been 
its  unceasing  builder  and  its  devoted  servant. 

In  these  hours  of  commemoration,  to  be  sure,  we  must 
not  and  cannot  forget  the  part  played  by  a  preeminent  asso- 
ciate of  Professor  Kellogg  in  the  College — Dr.  Horatio  Steb- 
bins.  the  last  president  of  its  Board  of  Trustees;  without 
whose  planning  wisdom  and  public  skill,  the  acceptance  of 
the  proposals  made  by  the  Trustees  of  the  College  would 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  17 

probably  not  have  been  gained  from  the  State.  But  promi- 
nent founder  of  the  institution  though  Dr.  Stebbins  unques- 
tionably was,  passing  over  from  Trustee  of  the  College  into 
Regent  of  the  University,  to  exert  for  twenty-six  years  a 
commanding  influence  in  the  Board,  and  deep  as  is  the  debt 
we  all  to-day  owe  him,  and  shall  continue  to  owe  him  so  long 
as  our  State  endures,  Professor  Kellogg  was  our  founder  in 
a  yet  more  intimate,  a  still  deeper  sense.  It  was  in  his 
person  first — though,  later,  also  in  that  of  President  Durant — 
that  the  great,  the  vital  principle  of  comprehensive  humane 
culture,  essential  as  the  organizing  factor  in  the  life  of  the 
new  institution,  passed  forward  from  the  narrower  field  it 
held  in  the  College  into  the  vastly  enlarged  one  afforded  by 
the  University.  Fortunate  was  it  for  him,  fortunate  for  us 
his  successors,  most  fortunate  for  the  State  and  its  coming 
generations  of  youth,  that  his  two  eminent  colleagues,  John 
and  Joseph  LeConte,  though  appointed  to  represent  the 
sciences  of  Nature,  were  both  men  of  genuine  and  disci- 
plined love  of  Man.  Fortunate  also  was  he,  and  fortunate 
the  University,  in  having  for  first  President  so  accomplished 
a  scholar  in  the  large  humanities,  so  penetrating  a  thinker 
of  the  Platonic  type,  as  Henry  Durant.  The  happy  and 
cordial  cooperation  of  these  four  minds  effected  the  first 
surveys,  and  the  secure  opening,  of  the  broad  roadways 
which  we  now  possess  to  an  inclusive  culture,  based  on 
sound  learning  in  letters,  in  science,  and  in  philosophy.  It 
was  this  that  made  us  a  University,  a  body  of  scholars  in 
diver  sis  versati  in  unum  versi;  occupied  with  things  diverse, 
but  all  bent  on  one  thing — the  fulness  of  a  high  human 
character,  with  all  the  enlightenment,  all  the  refinement, 
and  all  the  devotion,  that  goes  to  its  making. 

So  this  day  is  one  of  grateful  commemoration  rather  than 
of  sad  lament,  this  hour  an  hour  of  consolation  rather  than 
of  grief.  Grief  at  our  profound  bereavement  we  do  indeed 
have,  and  cannot  but  have;  for  we  miss  the  converse  of  our 
revered  and  admirable  eldest  brother;  and,  long  as  he  had 
been  here,  we  yet  feel  as  if  we  had  lost  him  all  too  soon,  so 


18  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

intact  did  he  still  appear  both  in  body  and  in  mind,  so  stable 
in  a  quiet  maturity  that  kept  its  powers  of  judgment,  and  even 
of  acquisition,  quite  unimpaired:  so  much  so,  that  he  might 
well  have  said,  turning  Solon's  words  into  his  instinctive 
Latin,  Senesco  continenter  discens , — finding,  as  he  did,  on  his 
return  to  his  chosen  studies  and  teaching,  insight  fresher 
than  of  old,  with  a  still  keener  relish  for  imparting  it.  But 
though  his  removal  from  among  us  seems  thus  unexpected, 
and  for  us  so  untimely,  we  cannot  but  have  its  pang  softened 
by  a  consoling  sense  of  what  he  was  and  what  he  succeeded 
in  effecting.  Our  comfort  is  in  our  confidence  that  what  he 
was,  and  the  results  he  has  left  us,  are  alike  for  us  imper- 
ishable. 

Accordingly  our  truest  use  of  this  memorial  hour  will 
be  the  meditation  of  his  excellence — excellence  of  public 
service,  founded  on  excellence  of  character.  For  never,  I 
suspect,  was  there  a  man  of  whom  it  was  more  true  that 
what  he  officially  did  was  the  outcome,  simple,  direct,  and 
almost  unstudied,  of  what  he  inwardly  was.  So  let  us 
consider  awhile  his  work,  and  afterwards  the  very  marked 
character  in  which  it  had  its  source. 

I. 

Of  our  honored  colleague's  exterior  achievement — the 
biographical  framework  of  his  career,  his  attainment  of 
successive  professional  positions,  and,  especially,  his  execu- 
tion of  his  duties  as  this  was  seen  by  his  colleagues  in  the 
Board  of  Regents — you  have  already  heard  from  the  speakers 
who  have  preceded  me.  Our  part  now  is,  rather,  to  recall 
the  successive  aspects  of  his  work  in  our  more  interior 
academic  life,  and  report  our  sense  of  its  quality  in  the 
several  functions  he  fulfilled  there;  to  tell  also  how  he  bore 
his  part  as  a  citizen,  interested  in  all  the  problems  of  public 
education  and  in  public  problems  generally.  We  may  get 
in  this  way  some  definite  sense  of  the  debt  which  we  all  really 
owe  him,  both  we  of  the  University  and  you  of  the  Town 
and  of  the  State. 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  19 

•  All  of  his  work  was  viewed  and  directed  by  him  with  the 
single  eye  of  the  sincere  scholar,  devoted  to  his  professional 
ideal  as  it  was  given  him  to  understand  this ;  and  his  under- 
standing of  it  was  clear  and  high.  His  scholarship  was 
sound  and  real,  coming  from  a  genuine  vocation  for  the 
field  in  which  his  studies  and  his  professorial  labors  fell — 
the  field  of  classical  literature  and  archeology,  especially 
that  of  Rome.  He  came  to  his  baccalaureate  at  Yale,  to  be 
sure,  an  all-round  young  scholar,  standing  foremost  in  his 
class,  and  at  the  time  of  his  first  appointment  in  the  College 
of  California  still  retained  so  much  of  this  comprehensive 
accuracy  as  to  be  fitted  for  the  duties  of  a  mathematical 
professor — which  he  was  at  first  appointed — as  these  were 
at  that  time  usually  conducted.  But  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  his  bent  was  to  classical  letters,  to  the  historical  under- 
standing of  the  ancients,  and  most  of  all  to  the  study  of 
their  oratory.  Further,  though  his  first  professorship  in 
the  University  covered  the  whole  field  of  the  classics,  Greek 
as  well  as  Latin,  it  is  plain  that  his  nature  engaged  him  to 
Rome  rather  than  to  Greece.  The  sober  pragmatism  of 
his  mind,  its  earnest  demand  for  power  to  turn  all  ideas  into 
serviceable  action,  and  for  a  test  of  all  thought  by  its  prac- 
ticability, was  naturally  repelled  a  little  by  the  speculative 
and  poetic  freedom  of  the  Greeks,  which  in  taking  wing 
seems  to  set  responsibility  at  defiance,  and  thus  to  prepare  the 
way  for  a  deserved  catastrophe  in  the  political  and  historical 
failure  which  befell  it.  His  whole  character,  indeed,  was 
Roman,  as  we  shall  clearly  see  when  we  later  consider  it  in 
detail.  It  is  therefore  only  natural  to  find  him  erelong 
shifting  to  the  more  definite  professorship  of  the  Latin 
language  and  literature,  as  the  university  department  of 
which  he  was  so  long  to  be  the  successful  head;  and  every 
bit  of  his  published  work  in  the  formal  capacity  of  scholar 
is  concerned  with  Latin  only.  Here  was  his  province,  and 
all  of  his  published  performance  bears  out  his  right  to  it  by 
patent  of  nature  and  of  power. 

His  native  modesty,  his  almost  shrinking  reserve,  his 


20  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

horror  of  superfluity,  led  him  to  be  chary  of  publication. 
Yet  he  signalized  each  important  stage  of  his  professional 
career  by  an  appropriate  issue,  though  for  each  he  required 
the  motive  of  some  practical  need,  manifest  and  pressing. 
Thus,  soon  after  taking  charge  of  the  Latin  chair  in  the 
College  of  California,  he  published  an  essay  on  Latin  Pro- 
nunciation, which  was  then  a  subject  of  urgent  practical 
debate  in  the  schools.  In  this  he  presented  the  argument 
in  favor  of  the  English  Method,  as  it  is  called,  with  a  brevity, 
comprehensiveness,  and  solid  good-sense  that  could  hardly 
have  been  surpassed,  showing  himself  in  full  possession  of 
the  points  of  the  discussion  as  scholars  then  understood  them ; 
and,  in  adhering  to  the  pronunciation  which  the  scholars 
of  England  all  maintain  to  the  present  day,  he  displayed,  as 
I  for  one  am  willing  to  declare,  what  may  well  claim  to  be 
the  soundest  judgment  for  English-speaking  people.  His 
own  practice  in  our  university  instruction,  I  suppose  yielded 
at  length  to  the  increasing  pressure  of  prevailing  usage  in 
the  United  States ;  but  this  was  the  effect  of  another  factor 
in  his  uninsistent,  modest,  and  practical  nature,  his  nature 
as  a  Roman  of  the  patiently  enduring  type;  though  we  can 
easily  imagine  that  all  the  while  he  r<  thought  to  himself 
quite  the  same,  in  spite  of  the  outward  concession. 

Next,  in  discharge  of  his  duties  as  Latin  professor  in  the 
University,  he  early  made  a  selection  of  passages  from  Cicero 
and  Quintilian,  constituting  together,  in  the  order  in  which 
he  arranged  them,  an  almost  consecutive  treatise  on  the 
right  practice  of  eloquence.  To  this,  borrowing  the  hint 
from  the  Ars  Poetica  of  Horace,  he  gave  the  title  of  Ars 
Oratorio,,  annotating  it  with  sententious  brevity,  excellent 
judgment,  and  ample  learning.  As  one  runs  the  eye  over 
its  pages,  and  notes  the  deep  ethical  foundations  upon  which 
these  two  noble  Roman  writers  declare  that  true  oratory 
must  be  built,  it  is  easy  to  see  how  the  editor,  Roman  as  he 
too  was,  though  illumined  by  Christian  light,  laid  much 
store  by  the  all  but  Christian  morals  of  these  two  great 
minds,  and  thought  no  brief  course  of  reading  in  the  Latin 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  21 

classics  could  better  be  offered  to  modern  youth  than  this 
compilation  from  them.  And,  indeed,  he  was  well  within 
his  right.  Significant  of  the  quality  in  Cicero's  thought 
upon  which  our  high-minded  colleague  based  his  judgment  is 
this  sentence,  written  in  October  1873  by  Josiah  Royce,  then  a 
youth,  and  a  student  under  Professor  Kellogg,  on  the  fly-leaf 
of  his  copy  of  the  Ars  Oratoria: — Nihil  est  aliud  eloquentia 
nisi  copiose  loquens  sapiential  And  of  yet  deeper  tenor  are 
these  sentences,  samples  only,  in  the  selections  from  Quin- 
tilian: — Sit  ergo  nobis  orator  is,  qui  a  Catone  fmitur,  vir 
bonus  dicendi  peritus;  verum,  id  quod  et  ille  posuit  prius, 
et  ipsa  natura  potius  ac  majus  est,  utique  vir  bonus.  .  .  . 
Neque  enim  tantumid  dico,  eum,  qui  sit  orator,  virum  bomnn 
esse  oportere,  sed  ne  futurum  quidem  orator  em  nisi  virum 
bonum.  .  .  .  Oratoris  vita  cum  scientia  divinarum  rerum 
sit  Jiumanarumque  conjuncta.^  No  wonder  that  the  serious 
heart,  the  refined  judgment,  of  our  colleague  echoed  deeply 
to  sentiments  like  these;  to  such,  surely,  every  mind  rightly 
bred  will  echo,  now  and  always.  No  wonder  that  our 
scholar  asks,  in  his  brief  and  pungent  note  on  the  passage 
from  which  they  are  taken,  "May  an  advocate  defend  a  bad 
cause?"  and  then  replies:  "Those  who,  at  this  late  day,  and 
in  a  Christian  nation,  answer  in  the  affirmative,  are  respect- 
fully referred  to  this  decision  of  the  old  Roman  teacher, 
Certe  non  convenit  ei,  quern  oratorem  esse  volumus,  injusta 
tueri  scientem,  .  .  .  neque  defendet  omnes  orator ."J 

Finally,  in  1889,  while  abroad  on  leave  of  absence  after 
eighteen  years  of  unbroken  university  service,  Professor 
Kellogg  published  the  results  of  the  studies  which  he  had 
silently  and  unobtrusively  been  pursuing,  in  such  leisure 

*  "Eloquence  is  nothing  but  wisdom  speaking  aboundingly." 
t"For  us,  then,  be  he  the  orator,  who  is  denned  by  Cato  as  a  good  man 
skilled  in  speech;  in  truth,  that  which  this  great  man  put  first,  and  is  by  its 
very  nature  preferable  and  greater,  namely,  a  good  man.  .  .  .  For  I  do  not 
merely  say  that  he  who  is  an  orator  ought  to  be  a  good  man,  but  that  he  will 
not  be  an  orator  at  all,  unless  he  is  a  good  man.  .  .  .  Be  the  orator's  life 
bound  up  with  the  knowledge  of  things  divine  as  well  as  human." 

1  "Surely,  it  becomes  not  him  whom  we  are  willing  to  rank  an  orator 
knowingly  to  protect  injustice,  .  .  .  nor  will  the  orator  defend  all  men." 


22  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

as  he  could  command, — I  mean  his  edition  of  the  Brutus  of 
Cicero.  The  reception  of  this  by  leading  authorities  in 
England  settled  the  question  of  his  scholarship,  if  this  needed 
testimonies,  and  yet  the  settlement  very  likely  came  with  a 
sudden  and  half-rebuking  surprise  to  many  who  had  known 
him  long  as  a  townsman  and  friend,  or  even  as  a  colleague, 
but  through  his  excessive  modesty  and  his  retiring  silence 
had  been  prevented  from  suspecting  the  breadth  and  the 
thoroughness  of  his  learning.  Fortunately,  you  have  not  in 
this  matter  to  depend  on  the  slenderly  qualified  judgment  of 
your  present  speaker,  but  can  resort  to  the  highest  critical 
opinion  of  scholars  abroad.  Said  the  London  Athenceum, 
in  its  issue  of  February  8,  1890:  "This  valuable  contribu- 
tion from  the  University  of  California  towards  a  study  of 
Cicero's  oratorical  works  will  open  British  eyes  to  the  devel- 
opment of  classical  studies  in  America.  It  is  quite  worthy 
to  rank  with  Prof  essorWilkins'sZte  Orator e  andDr .  Sandys 's 
Orator.  .  .  .  The  commentary  is  excellent."  The  Saturday 
Review,  which  is  nothing  if  not  fault-finding,  and  can  never 
forego  an  ill-natured  fling  at  any  hole  discovered  in  an 
American  coat,  said,  in  its  number  for  July  27,  1889,  after 
some  of  its  usual  captious  remarks:  "In  respect  to  the 
historical,  literary,  and  archaaological  allusions,  and  in  its 
admirable  indices,  Professor  Kellogg' s  book  deserves  the 
highest  praise."  And,  in  the  London  Classical  Revieiv  for 
October  1889,  Professor  Sandys  himself  wrote:  "The 
work  deserves  to  be  warmly  welcomed  in  England."  After 
some  criticisms  upon  sundry  minutiae,  he  added:  "The 
book  as  a  whole  is  such  an  excellent  piece  of  work  that  it 
ought  to  be  extensively  used  by  English-speaking  students 
on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic." 

We  can  therefore  take  a  just  satisfaction,  secure  from 
every  apprehension,  in  the  work  of  our  colleague  as  a 
scholar.  It  was  quiet,  unpretending,  unheralded,  but 
solid,  accurate,  judicious,  of  a  true  distinction. 

On  his  return  from  Europe  in  1890,  Professor  Kellogg 
began  his  service  in  our  highest  administrative  office.  In 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  23 

reality,  if  not  in  form,  he  was  President  of  the  University 
from  that  time,  though  he  began  his  duties  under  the  title 
of  Acting  President,  which  the  Regents  conferred  upon 
him,  together  with  a  seat  in  their  Board,  when  his  colleagues 
of  the  Academic  Council  elected  him  to  serve  as  their  chair- 
man during  the  vacancy  in  the  office  of  President.  In  1893, 
after  a  long  inquiry  into  the  merits  of  presidential  can- 
didates, the  Regents  by  a  pronounced  majority  appointed 
him  President,  confirming  the  already  expressed  choice  of 
a  still  stronger  majority  of  his  colleagues;  these  had  long 
before  tested  his  administrative  quality,  first  by  his  many 
years  of  service  as  Dean  of  the  Faculties,  and  later  by  his 
performance  as  their  chairman  during  a  previous  vacancy 
in  the  presidency.  He  voluntarily  laid  the  presidential 
office  down  in  the  summer  of  1899.  In  effect,  then,  he  was 
the  actual  head  of  the  University  for  nine  years,  and  we 
had  the  benefit  of  his  administrative  abilities  noticeably 
longer  than  those  of  any  President  who  preceded  him. 

It  is  only  the  simple  truth  to  say  that  he  displayed  in 
this  office  administrative  traits  of  a  very  high  order,  and 
brought  to  the  University  various  advantages  of  the  utmost 
importance,  during  a  period  grave  with  many  impending 
dangers.  Into  the  internal  life  of  the  University  he  brought 
an  increase  of  harmony,  and  into  its  relations  with  the 
public  schools  a  distribution  of  reciprocal  confidence  and 
sympathy.  The  results  were  presently  seen  in  a  growth 
that  became  remarkable  and,  with  an  attendant  and  equal 
improvement  in  the  chief  internal  relations,  gave  to  his 
administration  the  sanction  of  visible  success.  The  nine 
years  of  his  presidential  service  saw  the  attendance  of 
students  at  Berkeley  increase  from  less  than  five  hundred 
to  more  than  seventeen  hundred,  and  in  the  whole  Univer- 
sity, inclusive  of  the  Professional  Schools,  from  less  than 
eight  hundred  to  more  than  twenty-four  hundred.  During 
the  same  period,  the  staff  of  instruction  at  Berkeley  and  at 
the  Lick  Observatory  grew  from  something  over  fifty  to 
more  than  a  hundred  and  fifty — professors,  instructors,  and 


24  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

assistants — and,  in  the  entire  University,  from  a  hundred 
and  twenty-five  to  upwards  of  three  hundred  and  fifty.  That 
is,  during  his  term  of  service  he  saw  the  total  number  of 
students  multiplied  three  times  and  a  seventh,  and  the 
total  of  the  teaching  staff  twice  and  four- fifths;  while  at 
Berkeley,  alone,  the  student  attendance  was  not  far  from 
quadrupled,  and  the  staff  was  nearly  trebled.  He  also  had 
the  gratification  of  seeing  the  Legislature,  in  response  to 
these  striking  proofs  of  the  growing  importance  and 
increasing  needs  of  the  University,  double  its  resources 
derived  from  the  permanent  annual  tax,  which  was  enlarged 
from  one  cent  on  each  hundred  dollars  of  the  total  valuation 
in  the  State  to  two  cents  on  the  same.  Numerous  and 
important  new  buildings  were  added  and  equipped;  new 
laboratories  were  established,  among  them  the  laboratory 
for  experimental  psychology;  abundant  scholarships  and 
fellowships  were  founded;  new  professorships  were  organ- 
ized and  filled;  and  the  Phoebe  Hearst  Architectural  Plan 
was  projected  and  carried  to  a  completion  that  commanded 
the  respectful  attention  of  the  world.  Answering  to  all 
these  increments  of  external  resource  and  advantage,  the 
academic  life  within  grew  more  complex  and  richer;  the 
quality  as  well  as  the  scope  of  the  work  improved;  so  that 
the  institution  could  justly  claim  to  have  become  one  of  the 
great  centres  of  educational  life,  and  was  everywhere 
acknowledged  to  be  such. 

Hence,  when  our  honored  friend  laid  his  office  down 
and  took  his  well-earned  respite  from  its  burdens,  he  could 
do  so  not  only  with  the  consenting  commendations  of  his 
associates  in  the  Faculties,  but  also  with  the  best-founded 
sense  that  his  labors  had  in  fact  not  been  in  vain :  that  he 
had  conferred  upon  the  institution,  in  addition  to  all  the 
advantages  which  his  earlier  services  had  brought,  still 
other  and  even  greater  benefits;  and  that  he  was  handing 
the  University  back  to  the  Regents  stronger  and  greater  in 
every  respect  than  it  was  when  he  received  it  from  them. 
His  had  been,  as  already  mentioned,  much  the  longest  term 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  25 

of  presidential  duty  known  in  the  University  hitherto;  and 
not  the  least  service  he  had  rendered,  I  judge,  was  his 
breaking  the  baleful  precedent  which  had  led  the  outside 
world  to  assume,  no  matter  how  incorrectly,  that  our 
presidency  was  under  some  dark  hoodoo,  so  that  it  was 
impossible  for  a  capable  administrator  to  continue  long  in 
office.  That  there  was  little  or  nothing  in  this  outside 
assumption  is  undoubtedly  true;  but  it  was  none  the  less 
harmful;  and  a  great  good  was  done  when  at  length  it  was 
effectually  dissipated. 

It  remains  now  to  speak  of  his  more  general  activities 
— of  those  employments  which  concerned  him  rather  as  a 
citizen  than  as  a  member  of  the  academic  world.  Somewhat 
silent  scholar  though  he  was,  he  had  a  deep  sense  of  civil 
and  political  duty,  was  active  as  a  citizen,  and  carried 
weight  as  a  judge  upon  all  important  public  questions. 
Yet  all  these  he  constantly  approached  in  the  temper  of  the 
cultivated  thinker,  the  studious  scholar.  Hence  his  services 
as  a  citizen  take  chiefly  the  form  of  public  addresses  or  of 
published  writings  on  questions  of  public  concern.  A 
partial  collection  of  these,  from  various  sources,  forming  a 
considerable  volume  kept  in  the  University  Library,  shows 
the  scope,  the  earnestness,  and  the  weight  of  his  thought 
on  important  issues  of  his  time.  This  list  of  twenty-five 
papers  is  manifestly  but  a  portion  of  his  whole  product,  as 
it  only  covers  the  period  from  October  1873  to  October 
1893;  yet  the  range  of  topics  is  large  and  important — 
common  schools,  higher  education,  careers  for  scholars, 
endowments,  literature  and  art,  morals  and  religion, 
character  in  relation  to  politics,  historical  research,  the 
labor  problem,  and  so  on.  That  he  continued  this  activity 
long  beyond  the  latest  date  of  this  collection,  throughout 
his  presidency  and  nearly  to  the  end  of  his  life,  we  all 
know;  and  part  of  our  duty  to  his  services  and  his  memory 
would  clearly  seem  to  be,  that  a  proper  collection  of  his 
occasional  writings,  duly  selected  from  his  whole  period  of 
production,  should  be  made,  and  published  in  permanent 


26  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

form.  He  was,  as  we  also  know,  in  love  with  oratory — 
which  he  regarded  as  a  fine  art,  strictly  creative — and  was 
himself  master  of  an  excellent  style,  superior  in  clearness 
and  in  diction,  sound  in  idiom,  agreeable  in  tone  and  color, 
and  of  a  simplicity  suited  to  the  man. 

If  we  look,  then,  at  the  actual  work  achieved  by  our 
colleague,  whether  as  contributor  to  our  foundations,  as 
scholar,  as  head  of  department,  as  head  of  the  University, 
or  as  public  character  generally,  it  is  impossible  not  to 
assign  to  him,  though  in  his  sensitive  modesty  he  would 
have  been  the  last  to  claim  and  the  most  loth  to  accept  it, 
the  meed  of  a  signal  success.  A  gladness,  comforting  in 
the  midst  of  our  loss,  irresistibly  pervades  our  thoughts 
when  we  thus  realize  that  ~WQ  have  had  for  so  many  fruitful 
years — yes,  almost  without  knowing  it — the  professional 
and  social  companionship  of  a  man,  a  scholar,  an  admin- 
istrator, a  citizen,  of  unmistakable  and  most  decided  mark. 
His  memory  will  blend  naturally  and  worthily  with  that  of 
the  brothers  LeConte,  adding  permanent  lustre  to  the 
institution  which  he  so  long  adorned,  and  to  the  Town  and 
the  State  of  which  he  was  so  serviceable  a  member. 

II. 

And  yet,  when  we  now  go  on  to  ask  for  the  explanation  of 
all  this  excellent  performance,  it  will  become  evident  that, 
as  I  have  indicated  already,  the  cause  was  not  in  any  cal- 
culated plan  or  studied  policy,  carefully  contrived  and 
applied.  This  success  in  action  was,  rather,  the  spontaneous 
expression  of  a  deeply-seated  character,  bred  in  the  man 
quite  apart  from  any  of  his  fields  of  effort,  and  independent 
of  them.  The  explanation  is,  in  short,  the  man  himself. 
There  are  two  sorts  of  successful  endeavorers,  two  methods 
of  success :  one  wins  by  character  and  talent  working  after 
plans  the  most  deliberately  thought  out  and  the  most  adroitly 
applied ;  the  other  wins  simply  by  exercising  and  applying 
the  indwelling  character,  as  circumstances  give  it  oppor- 
tunity or  the  settled  occupation  affords  it  field.  Success,  in 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  27 

this  latter  case,  when  the  success  is  in  great  things,  is  the 
highest  witness  to  great  character;  and  then  the  study  of 
the  character  becomes  in  a  high  degree  interesting  and 
significant. 

The  success  of  the  friend  who  has  gone  from  us,  his 
varied  achievement  as  educational  founder,  as  scholar,  as 
administrative  head,  as  citizen,  was  owing,  I  repeat,  to  this 
spontaneous  expression  and  application  of  character.  We 
are  led,  then,  to  detect,  if  possible,  and  to  describe,  what 
this  so  effective  character  was.  What  were  its  leading  traits, 
and  how,  perchance,  did  they  come  to  be? 

I  think  we  can  best  gain  the  clue  to  it  by  noticing  that 
its  possessor  accounted  his  main  vocation  to  be  the  stimu- 
lation of  virtue  by  the  teaching  of  Latin  literature.  That 
is,  he  liked  things  Roman  ^  and  thought  them  good  for  disci- 
pline in  goodness.  His  was  a  Roman  character  by  nature, 
I  have  said;  and  I  am  convinced  he  came  by  his  profound 
practical  interest  in  things  Roman,  not  so  much  by  any 
reflection  and  deliberate  decision  as  by  the  instinctive  sym- 
pathy of  his  native  disposition.  He  came  in  sight  of  Roman 
things,  and  he  recognized  his  own ;  they  appealed  to  him,  and 
he  responded.  The  impression  this  disposition  made,  even 
early  in  the  course  of  one's  acquaintance  with  it,  was  dis- 
tinct and  not  to  be  evaded.  Unpretending  simplicity;  plain 
directness;  homely  urbanity;  reticence  and  reserve;  some- 
thing of  taciturnity;  steadfastness  without  aggression; 
equipoise,  patience,  endurance;  moderation  of  all  sorts;  an 
unruffled  temper;  attachment  to  home,  to  kindred,  to  coun- 
try,— these  were  the  traits  that  struck  one,  the  traits  that 
continued  always  and  everywhere ;  and  they  were  all  of  them 
Roman.  They  were  moreover  the  traits  that  made  the 
Roman  a  Stoic  by  nature,  giving  him  over  beforehand  to 
the  Porch  when  its  apostles  should  arrive.  So,  too,  our 
colleague  was  a  Stoic  by  nature;  and  yet  we  must  not  for- 
get that  he  was  a  Stoic  who  had  received  baptism,  inwardly 
in  the  spirit  as  well  as  outwardly  in  the  body.  He  was  thus 
a  Roman  who  had  heard  the  Gospel  and  had  believed  it, — 


28  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

to  the  illumination  and  redirection  of  his  nature,  indeed, 
but  not  to  its  erasure,  not  at  all  to  its  elemental  change,  not 
even  to  the  dislocation  of  its  members.  One  trait  he  had, 
however,  which  we  must  not  overlook,  and  which  we  usually 
miss  in  the  Roman — his  dry  and  quiet  humor;  and  this  we 
must  no  doubt  refer  to  the  New-Englander  that  was  unques- 
tionably present  in  his  heritage. 

But  in  other  traits  he  seemed  wholly  of  the  Roman  type ; 
though,  to  be  sure,  of  the  Roman  no  longer  on  campaign 
and  in  the  field,  militiae  ac  ~belli,  but  domi,  rather, — come 
home  to  his  otium,  his  furlough  in  the  gown  and  the  toga. 
A  sort  of  christianized  Seneca  he  looked,  and  such  in  fact 
he  was, — 

Discerning  to  fulfil 

This  labor,  by  slow  prudence  to  make  mild 
A  rugged  people,  and  thro'  soft  degrees 
Subdue  them  to  the  useful  and  the  good. 
Most  blameless  was  he,  centred  in  the  sphere 
Of  common  duties,  decent  not  to  fail 
In  offices  of  kindliness. 

We  can  set  his  character  best,  I  think,  in  the  frame  of  the 
Four  Cardinal  Virtues  of  the  ancients,  especially  as  these 
took  color  from  the  Roman  Stoics  and  the  Roman  habit  of 
feeling.  Wisdom,  Temperance,  Justice,  Courage, — these 
sum  and  array  his  "lords  of  life";  but  they  do  so  best  when 
named  and  interpreted  in  his  familiar  Latin:  Prudentia, 
Modestas,  Justitia,  Fortitude.  He  possessed  them  all;  or, 
rather,  they  quite  possessed  him;  together  they  summed  up 
his  being:  Prudence,  Moderation,  Justice,  Fortitude.  Only, 
in  him,  spiritual  baptism  had  transformed  and  heightened 
Prudence  into  something  that  cast  its  foresight  beyond  the 
present  world  of  fleeting  circumstance,  though  it  still 
remained  effective  there;  while  over  all  the  other  Virtues 
reigned  Moderation,  as  the  controlling  and  toning  bond: 
the  Ne  quid  nimium  of  his  kindred  Stoics  seemed  the  ruling 
precept  in  all  his  excellence.  So,  in  Fortitude  also  he  read 
the  Stoic  measure:  the  lofty  and  all-enduring  apatheia  that 


MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES.  29 

spoke  in  the  Stoic  In  utrumque  paratus  was  next  to  the 
dominant  principle  of  his  life.  The  issue  of  circumstances, 
friendly  or  adverse,  not  much  perturbed  him:  idem  semper 
vultus,  semper  idemque  frons.  Only,  again,  this  Indiffer- 
ence too  had  received  baptismal  sprinkling,  and  he,  as  we 
may  believe,  was  ever  saying  inwardly,  not  Do  thy  part  and 
leave  the  rest  to  Fate,  but  Do  thy  part  and  leave  the  rest  to 
God.  To  the  Four  Virtues  of  the  Stoics,  his  acceptance  of 
the  Gospel  had  added  the  Three  of  St.  Paul;  so  that,  in  the 
light  of  Faith,  Hope,  and  Charity,  his  Prudence,  his  Mod- 
eration, his  Justice,  his  Endurance,  were  all  transmuted  into 
Humility.  Humility  became  for  him  the  touchstone  of 
belief  and  of  life.  This  is  strikingly  manifest  in  his 
notable  address  on  Culture  and  the  Religious  Sentiment, 
and  was  no  less  so  in  his  whole  career.  "Truly,"  he  avers, 
"man,  at  his  best,  is  altogether  vanity  in  the  sight  of  the 
all- wise  and  all-powerful  Maker  of  heaven  and  earth .... 
Whosoever  shall  not  receive  the  kingdom  of  God  as  a  little 
child,  he  shall  in  nowise  enter  therein.  The  childlike  spirit 
is  the  only  spirit  befitting  any  human  being." 

Whether  he  much  read  Marcus  Aurelius,  or  much 
delighted  in  him,  I  have  no  means  of  knowing  as  a  fact 
direct.  But  a  strong  strain  of  kindred  with  the  Imperial 
Sage  he  certainly  had.  Something  of  this  Stoic,  this 
Roman  strain,  I  do  not  doubt  came  down  to  him  straight- 
way by  birthright.  I  see  him  now,  in  his  simplicity,  his 
utter  unpretence,  his  homely  but  true  urbanity,  his  friend- 
liness most  quiet  but  most  real,  his  modest  reserve,  his 
reticent  endurance;  and  I  cannot  fail  to  catch  in  him  the 
suggestion  of  a  resemblance,  in  all  these  traits,  to  the 
earliest  English  ancestor  of  whom  his  biographical  sketch 
of  himself  takes  account.  He  was  the  direct  descendant, 
in  the  seventh  generation,  of  an  earlier  Martin  Kellogg,  of 
Essex  County,  in  England.  The  Stoic  traits  of  this  earliest 
Martin  are  well  typified  in  his  plain,  unadorned,  but  solid 
and  sufficing  house  of  stone,  which  I  believe  is  still 
standing;  and  they  descended,  I  dare  venture,  to  his  latest 


30  MARTIN  KELLOGG  MEMORIAL  EXERCISES. 

kinsman  and  bearer  of  his  name,  to  be  welcomed, 
reinforced,  and  enlarged  in  scope.  That  name  itself  is  a 
good  type  of  the  character — Martin  Kellogg,  sounding 
simple,  strong,  solid,  like  the  enduring  rock. 

In  this  unpretending,  this  simple-kindly  fortitude,  this 
whole  character  so  retiring,  so  deep-hidden  from  display  or 
public  notice,  our  friend  endured;  and  did  his  devoir;  not 
seeking  to  create  or  even  to  frame  circumstances,  but 
accepting  such  as  were  given  and  came,  dealing  with  them 
patiently,  "with  malice  toward  none,  and  with  charity  for 
all."  Thus,  with  all  his  plainness,  almost  homespun,  he  was 
of  proof  in  true  breeding,  of  the  best  courtesy,  a  gentleman 
without  flaw.  So  he  achieved  without  violence,  and 
accomplished  lasting  service. 

May  his  name  and  quality  live  in  our  memory  and  our 
action  always .  May  the  life  of  the  University  that  he  loved 
so  calmly,  and  yet  so  steadfastly,  unfold  more  and  more 
after  the  pattern  of  that  Disciplined  Humanity — Temperate, 
Just,  Enduring,  Wise — which  governed  all  his  being,  so  that 
he  was  in  the  sincerest  fact  integer  vitae  scelerisque  purus. 


